The invention discloses a no-protective-cabin image photographing system used in a high-vacuum ultralow-temperature environment. The no-protective-cabin image photographing system comprises a plurality of image cameras, an auxiliary light source, an image camera temperature control housing and a video processing unit. The image cameras are mounted on a pan/tilt after special processing. A plurality of heating plates are adhered on a metal housing and the pan/tilt. The heating plates perform working temperature control through the image camera temperature control housing. The video signal and the control signal of the image camera are transmitted to the video processing unit through a vacuum sealing flange for realizing image storing, image displaying and image controlling. Compared with the image photographing systems in other forms, the no-protective-cabin image photographing system has advantages of larger photographing angle-of-view, and least space occupied in a vacuum container.