Provided is a liquid crystal display element which shows high transparency when no voltage is applied and good scattering characteristics when a voltage is applied, and in which a liquid crystal layer shows high adhesiveness to a vertical liquid crystal alignment film. The liquid crystal display element which comprises a liquid crystal layer formed by curing a liquid crystal composition, said liquid crystal composition being disposed between a pair of substrates provided with electrodes respectively, by irradiating with UV rays from a UV-ray irradiation device in a state where a part or the whole of the liquid crystal composition shows liquid crystallinity, and in which at least one of the substrates is provided with a liquid crystal alignment film capable of vertically aligning the liquid crystal, said liquid crystal display element being characterized in that: the liquid crystal composition comprises a liquid crystal, a curable resin, a bifunctional monomer and a monomer containing at least one kind of polar group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl group, carboxy group and phosphate group; and the liquid crystal alignment film is a liquid crystal alignment film obtained from a liquid crystal alignment agent containing a polymer having a specific side chain structure.