The invention discloses a zeolite molecular sieve-heat conducting framework composite adsorbent and a preparation method. According to the method, raw materials for preparing a zeolite molecular sieve and heat-conducting framework materials are uniformly mixed to generate reaction gel, and the zeolite molecular sieve-heat conducting framework composite adsorbent is prepared by a hydrothermal crystallization method. The porous composite zeolite molecular sieve adsorbent is synthesized by a heat-conducting framework, so that the heat transfer capability of the composite adsorbent is improved, efficient heat transfer is ensured; the problems of high desorption temperature and low mass transfer efficiency of the zeolite molecular sieve are solved, the charge capacity of the zeolite molecular sieve in VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) adsorption and/desorption utilization efficiency are increased remarkably; moreover, the preparation method is simple and efficient, and is suitable for industrial large-scale production.