The invention discloses a one-machine and multi-drive type double-station engraving machine and relates to the technical field of engraving processing equipment. The one-machine and multi-drive type double-station engraving machine comprises a rack device, multi-station synchronous rotation mechanisms and a sliding mechanism; the rack device is composed of a main frame, a lifting rod, a pressure disc, pressure heads, a base and a defective material conveyor belt; and each multi-station synchronous rotation mechanism is composed of an underframe, tensioning wheels, first synchronous belts, second synchronous belts, a main motor, synchronous wheels and trays. According to the one-machine and multi-drive type double-station engraving machine, with adoption of a mode with one motor and multiple drives, each main motor in each multi-station synchronous rotation mechanism drives the corresponding trays at multiple stations to carry out synchronous rotation work simultaneously through two corresponding first synchronous belts and two corresponding second synchronous belts, so that the cost is low, starting and stopping control is simple, and operation is convenient; and also with arrangement of the sliding mechanism and matching of multiple multi-station synchronous rotation mechanisms, one multi-station synchronous rotation mechanism carries out processing, and the other multi-station synchronous rotation mechanisms are used for disassembling workpieces, so that the time is reasonably utilized, the time cost is low, and the production efficiency is high.