The invention relates to a vacuum negative pressure-based device for measuring the strength and deformation characteristics of coarse-grained soil, and aims at providing the vacuum negative pressure-based device for measuring the strength and deformation characteristics of the coarse-grained soil, which is simple in structure, convenient to operate, relatively low in cost and high in practicability. According to the technical scheme, the vacuum negative pressure-based device for measuring the strength and deformation characteristics of the coarse-grained soil is characterized by comprising a controller, a bracket, a vertical displacement loading mechanism, a sample seal loading mechanism, a negative pressure vacuum device, an axial-force meter, a pore pressure sensor and a displacement sensor; and the sample seal loading mechanism is provided with a seal chamber which is used for loading a sample and can expand and shrink according to the internal and external pressure difference. The method is suitable for the field related to geotechnical engineering, and is especially suitable for the technical field of measurement of engineering mechanical characteristics in a laboratory test.