The invention discloses a probe structure achieving all-directional detection of space electrons and charging level. The probe structure comprises a metal shielding housing. A shielding cover body covers the upper part of the shielding housing. An opening is arranged in the center of the cover body. More than four metal thin layers are successively arranged between the lower part of the opening and the bottom of the housing in a separate manner. The metal thin layers are separately kept fixed through insulation materials. The thicknesses of the metal thin layers and the distances between the metal thin layers are determined according to to-be-shielded electron energy. The invention also discloses an all-directional detector with the probe structure. Compared with the prior art, through the all-directional detector, it can be achieved that probes are arranged in 360-degree directions in the three-dimensional space, so space electronic detection in different directions can be effectively achieved and risks of occurrence of surface charging and discharging effects and inner electrification effects are analyzed according to level of the metal layers with specific thicknesses.