The invention relates to a recognition device used for recognition of to-be-aligned objects. The recognition device comprises a CCD (charge coupled device), a first light path unit, a second light path unit and a switching structure. The first light path unit comprises a first lens cone, and the first lens cone and the CCD are arranged coaxially to enable imaging light beams of the to-be-aligned objects to be transmitted to the CCD through the first lens cone. The second light path unit comprises a second lens cone, one end of the second lens cone is connected to the side wall of the first lens cone, and a reflector component is arranged in the second lens cone and used for changing a light path to enable the imaging light beams of the to-be-aligned objects to be transmitted to the CCD through the second lens cone and the first lens cone sequentially. The switching structure is used for allowing switching between a first state and a second state of the imaging beams of the to-be-aligned objects; under the first state, the imaging beams of the to-be-aligned objects are transmitted to the CCD through the first light path unit; under the second state, the imaging beams of the to-be-aligned objects are transmitted to the CCD through the second light path unit. The invention further relates to alignment equipment.