The invention discloses an intelligent access system and an access method on the basis of a robot. The intelligent access system comprises the robot and an article storage device. The article storage device is used for storing articles, the robot is used for fetching the articles in the article storage device according to fetching instructions or storing the articles into the article storage device according to storing instructions, and the robot and the article storage device are connected with each other by wireless networks. The intelligent access system and the access method have the advantages that the robot can independently interact with the article storage device, so that the articles can be stored or fetched; users only need to deliver the articles to the robot or inform the robot of the required articles without participating in procedures for shifting, placing or taking away the articles during use, and accordingly the intelligent access system and the access method can bring convenience for old people during article access.