The invention discloses an IMS fault analysis operation and maintenance system and method based on IP telephones and servers. The servers include a fault analysis operation and maintenance server and an IMS signaling analysis server. The fault analysis operation and maintenance server is connected with service units of an IMS communication network respectively through primary-standby core switches. The IMS signaling analysis server is connected with the service units of the IMS communication network respectively through the primary-standby core switches. The primary-standby core switches are connected through a plurality of access layer switches, and each access layer switch is connected with a plurality of IP telephones. The fault analysis operation and maintenance server is further connected with a fault inquiry computer. Timely and accurate finding and positioning of IMS network user faults are creatively completed through the fault analysis operation and maintenance system, fault repairing suggestions are given, and the processing efficiency of fault finding and repairing performed by IMS operation and maintenance workers is greatly improved.