The invention discloses a mobile phone power consumption testing system and method based on test automation. The system comprises an automatic control interface of a mobile phone, an automatic control interface of a power consumption testing device, automated scripts, and data synchronization correspondence and persistence. The mobile phone and the power consumption testing device do not need to be manually operated with labors, and only need to be controlled by means of the automated scripts. The problem that testing is out-of-step caused by manual control with the labors can be further solved, and the power consumption testing efficiency is improved because a plurality of mobile phones can be tested at the same time.