The invention provides a vehicle external fire extinguishing device. The vehicle external fire extinguishing device comprises a fire extinguishing cylinder, a pipeline, a spraying module and a controller; the controller is provided with electronic calculating equipment, a temperature sensor and a smoke alarm; the electronic calculating equipment is respectively connected with the temperature sensor and the smoke alarm; the fire extinguishing cylinder is connected with the spraying module through the pipeline; a cylinder body of the fire extinguishing cylinder is provided with an annular piece connected with a vehicle body; the spraying module includes at least one spraying head to guarantee concentrated and uniform spraying of a fire extinguishing agent and high utilization rate; the spraying head can be a long pipe, a disc and/or a cone; according to different vehicle parts, nozzles with different structural forms are reasonably provided to prevent adverse effect on the vehicle appearance and to achieve high concealing performance; the vehicle external fire extinguishing device can realize all coverage and no dead angle of such key ignition points as all wheels, doors/windows, roofs and front parts of wheel vehicles; and the controller is provided for timely discovering and controlling the fire to effectively guarantee safety of persons and vehicles.