The invention relates to a traction friction force adjustable paperboard traction device. The device comprises a front transverse plate and a rear transverse plate parallel to the front transverse plate. a left rotating plate and a right rotating plate are connected to the left end and the right end of the front transverse plate and the left end and the right end of the rear transverse plate in a hinged mode correspondingly. The upper end of the left rotating plate and the upper end of the right rotating plate are each provided with a groove part. A longitudinal rod is transversely mounted in each groove part. The front side and the rear side of the left rotating plate and the front side and the rear side of the right rotating plate are each provided with a strip-shaped hole formed vertically. The front end and the rear end of each longitudinal rod penetrate through the strip-shaped holes in the corresponding side correspondingly and are sleeved with connecting blocks correspondingly. A screw rod is connected to the upper portion of each connecting block in a hinged mode. According to the traction friction force adjustable paperboard traction device, the height-adjustable and rotational-angle-adjustable longitudinal rods are adopted to be matched with a traction wheel in the middle from the two sides in different postures, so that a traction combined structure with different included angles is formed. The traction friction force adjustable paperboard traction device meets the requirements for different traction friction force and can conduct reasonable traction on different hardness and thicknesses of tooth-shaped paper and planar paper made of different materials.