The invention discloses an organic-inorganic hybrid core-shell particle as well as a preparation method and application thereof. According to the organic-inorganic hybrid core-shell particle, a monodisperse SiO2 nano particle is used as a shell layer; a hyperbranched polymer is used as a core; the hyperbranched polymer is synthesized through a condensation polymerization between AB3 and AB2 type monomers. The preparation method of the organic-inorganic hybrid core-shell particle comprises the following steps of 1), synthesizing an ABx type monomer through a Michael addition reaction, wherein the ABx type monomer is a compound of the AB3 and AB2 type monomers; 2), preparing Pickering emulsion by using the SiO2 nano particle as a stabilizer, the ABx type monomer as a liquid phase and a block polymer and a polyamine as synergetic stabilizers; 3), preparing to obtain the organic-inorganic hybrid core-shell particle through a polymerization technique of the Pickering emulsion and an interfacial self-assembly technique between the liquid phase and the nano particle. The organic-inorganic hybrid core-shell particle can be used for enhancing and toughening epoxy resin; the toughness and the strength of a cured body of the epoxy resin are obviously improved; meanwhile, the tensile property, the elastic modulus and the glass-transition temperature of resin are ameliorated drastically.