The invention provides a fluidized bed hydrogenation system and method of high solid content coal tar. The system comprises a fluidized bed hydrogenation reactor, a high solid content coal tar supply device, a hydrogen supply device, a catalyst on-line supply device, a catalyst on-line unloading device, a first preheater, a second preheater, a gas-solid separation device, a gas-liquid separation device and a fractionation device; the catalyst on-line supply device is connected to a catalyst inlet of the fluidized bed hydrogenation reactor, and the catalyst on-line unloading device is connected to a feed outlet of the fluidized bed hydrogenation reactor; a reaction product outlet is connected to a feed inlet of the gas-liquid separation device through the gas-solid separation device, the gas-liquid separation device is provided with a hydrogen outlet and a product oil outlet, and the product oil outlet is connected to a feed inlet of the fractionation device. The fluidized bed hydrogenation system and method of the high solid content coal tar is used for a catalyst hydrogenation reaction of the high solid content coal tar, there is no need to conduct pretreatment to remove solid impurities, and the fluidized bed hydrogenation method has the advantages of being simple in technological process, flexible to operate, easy to control, high in conversion rate, long in running cycle and the like.