The invention relates to a combined segmentation energy consumption type variable damping viscous damper. The viscous damper comprises sealing heads, a cylinder body, a damping medium, piston slices, distance fixing nuts, a piston rod, a pin head assembly and a lug plate assembly; the two ends of the cylinder body are provided with the sealing heads in an embedded mode; the cylinder body is filled with the damping medium; the piston rod is inserted into the cylinder body in a penetrating mode; one end of the piston rod penetrates out of the corresponding sealing head and then is connected with the pin head assembly, and the other end of the piston rod is inserted into the lug plate assembly; the lug plate assembly is arranged at one end of the cylinder body in an embedded mode; the part, located inside the cylinder, of the piston rod is sleeved with the multiple piston slices, and the two sides of the piston slices are arranged at intervals through the distance fixing nuts; and each piston slice comprises a fixing sleeve and an elastic deformation sleeve which are of an integral structure. According to the combined segmentation energy consumption type variable damping viscous damper, the structure is simple, machining is convenient, the energy consumption performance, the durability and the stability of the damper are improved, meanwhile, a self-protection function under accidental loads is provided, and accordingly, the service life of the viscous damper is prolonged.