The present invention discloses an insulation tube bus electro-thermal accelerated ageing test device and method. The device comprises a support frame portion, a pressure portion and a temperature control portion. The support frame portion is configured to arrange and fix an insulation tube bus sample. The pressure portion is configured to provide high voltage for the insulation tube bus. The temperature control portion is configured to display, record and regulate the temperature of the inner wall of an inertial conductor in real time. Through adoption of the heating mode in the carbon fiber quartz electrical heated tube, the insulation tube bus electro-thermal accelerated ageing test device and method can more truly simulate the operation environment of the insulation tube bus, and the experiment result has more research values. The insulation tube bus electro-thermal accelerated ageing test device and method can perform electro-thermal accelerated ageing test of a plurality of insulation tube buses with different specifications and can satisfy the requirements of a plurality of electro-thermal accelerated ageing test schemes. The insulation tube bus electro-thermal accelerated ageing test device is compact and reasonable in structure design, high in utility rate of the space and small in floor space, and has high practicality and applicability. A fiber temperature sensor is employed to avoid the influence of high voltage on the temperature measurement so as to improve the precision of the temperature control.