The invention discloses an intelligent management system and method of power supplies of aviation passengers. The intelligent management system comprises a ground system and an onboard system, wherein the ground system is mounted on a security checkpoint and comprises information recording equipment, a communication module, a control module and a display device; the onboard system is a portable and movable explosion-proof tank and comprises a plurality of storage grids capable of being sealed; each grid comprises heat isolation, insulation, vibration-proof and power supply fixing structures; each grid is provided with a force sensor, a temperature sensor and a smoke sensor, and the onboard system further comprises a display device, information recording equipment, a communication module and a control module; the management method comprises the following steps of checking security, recording, storing, safety storing, returning and the like. Relative information of the passengers is acquired and stored through the ground system and the onboard system, which are communicated with each other; the power supplies of the passengers are intelligently managed through the explosion-proof tank with an aviation explosion-proof function of the onboard system; the explosion-proof tank has performance of explosion-proof management, instant monitoring, information sharing and safety transportation.