The invention discloses a data access method and device based on a distributed system and belongs to the field of the distributed system. The method comprises steps that a writing instruction is received by a first distributed node, target data cached by the first distributed node is replaced by writing data contained by the writing instruction, the first distributed node is on the basis of first stored meta data, a second distributed node identifier is acquired from distributed node identifiers contained by the present distributed system, the first distributed node is based on the second distributed node identifier, the wiring data is sent to a second distributed node, so the cached target data is updated through the second distributed node. The method is advantaged in that adding a distributed lock to sharing resources carried out by the distributed nodes is not necessary, other distributed nodes need not waste plenty of time to wait for unlocking of the distributed lock,, and operation efficiency of the distributed system is improved.