The invention discloses a pressure filter type water purification device which comprises a closed pressure filter tank, a rotary drum arranged in the closed pressure filter tank, and a fiber filter material layer arranged in the rotary drum in a filling manner, wherein a water inlet through which raw water to be treated enters is formed in the first end of the pressure filter tank, and a water outlet for discharging treated clean water is formed in the opposite second end; the rotary drum is located at a position, which is close to the water outlet, in the pressure filter tank. The pressure filter type water purification device is good in water purification effect, can remove 80 percent or above of impurities such as suspensions and alga from the raw water, can effectively improve the visibility of the water and improve the water quality of the raw water, and is high in water purification efficiency, simple in structure and low in cost.