The invention discloses a method for preparing a super-hydrophobic mixed matrix membrane by inorganic particle induced phase separation. According to the method, inorganic particles having proper grain size and the surface carrying hydroxy and other hydrophilic radicals in a casting membrane solution system consisting of polymer/solvent/additive/inorganic particles are induced in the phase separating process under the interface interaction of particle surface functional groups and polymer chains and the like to form a micron-sized microsphere structure which takes the particles as a core, wherein polymer coats the surface. The polymer chain on the microsphere surface forms a nano-microspike structure in the phase separating curing process, so that a super-hydrophobic micro-structure with a lotus leaf-like surface is formed on the membrane surface, the microsphere extends to the membrane body from the membrane surface, the duct of the membrane body has excellent hydrophobicity due to the similar structure, and the hydrophobic stability and durability of the separation membrane can be promoted.