The invention relates to a preparation method of a palladium-carbon catalyst, and belongs to the field of noble metal catalysts. The preparation method comprises the following steps: performing high-temperature pretreatment on a carbon support with a high specific surface area, and dispersing in a water phase; dropwisely adding a prepared palladium precursor solution into the carbon support dispersion solution, and stirring and impregnating for some time; performing vacuum filtration on the loaded dispersion solution, washing, and drying; and roasting the dried carbon support in a nitrogen protective atmosphere, and reducing with mixed gas of nitrogen/argon, carbon monoxide and vapor to obtain the palladium-carbon catalyst. In the prepared palladium-carbon catalyst, the active carbon with a high specific surface area is used as the support, and the noble metal Pd is loaded; and the content of the metal Pd in the palladium-carbon catalyst based on mass percent is 0.5-10%.