The invention provides an oil well toughness cement composition with high compressive strength and low Young modulus. The oil well toughness cement composition with the high compressive strength and the low Young modulus contains the components by weight ratio: 100 parts of cement, 3-10 parts of toughening agents, 3-5 parts of filtration-reducing agents, 0.05-0.1 parts of retarders, 0.1-0.5 parts of dispersing agents, 0.1-0.2 parts of defoaming agents and 30-50 parts of water. The oil well toughness cement composition with the high compressive strength and the low Young modulus can be prepared according to the API10A standard. The oil well toughness cement composition with the high compressive strength and the low Young modulus, provided by the invention, has the advantages of higher compressive strength and lower Young modulus, namely, higher toughness coefficient (compressive strength/Young modulus); and the long-time seal integrity of a shaft can be effectively improved.