The invention relates to a method for a precipitation strengthening type high-strength copper-chromium alloy through continuous-casting continuous-extrusion production. A copper alloy rod is formed through a horizontal continuous casting method, a blank is directly produced through continuous extrusion after being subjected to online heating solid solution treatment, then cold rolling and aging treatment are conducted, and a product meeting the requirements on the performance and the size can be obtained after finishing. According to the method, the high-performance copper-chrome-zirconium alloy material is produced through the continuous extrusion process, the production process is simplified to a certain extent, the processes of surface milling, hot rolling, blooming, primary rolling and the like are omitted, the medium rolling pass is reduced, the equipment investment of enterprises is reduced, the energy consumption is lowered, the production efficiency is improved, the yield of products is increased, and the method completely accords with the targets of energy saving, emission reduction and efficient production of enterprises and follows the sustainable development.