The invention discloses a method of prolonging the service life of an anode material of a rolled lead alloy and belongs to the technical field of nonferrous metal processing. Follow-up treatment on the anode material of the rolled lead alloy is performed by adopting a thermal treatment process, wherein the thermal treatment temperature is 180-270 DEG C and the thermal treatment time is 3-60 minutes. The method releases the processing residual stress of the anode material of the rolled lead alloy and optimizes the structures of the surface crystals, so that the service life of the anode material of the rolled lead alloy is remarkably prolonged.