The invention provides an anti-overturn device for a steel rail. The anti-overturn device comprises a base, a clamping part and a pulling part, wherein the clamping part is provided with two oppositely arranged clamp arms; each clamp arm is provided with a slideway; the two clamp arms are hinged on the base; the pulling part is connected with the clamping part through a connector; the pulling part can drive the connector to slide in the slideways; the two clamp arms can clamp the steel rail when the connector slides to a first position of each slideway; and the two clamp arms can loosen the steel rail when the connector slides to the second position of each slideway. According to the anti-overturn device for the steel rail, collecting and discharging operations of the steel rail can be conveniently, quickly and efficiently achieved, rollover of the steel rail can be effectively prevented in the collecting and discharging processes and the security of operating personnel is ensured.