The invention discloses a hoisting device for ascending and descending a coupling-free riser. The hoisting device comprises a semi-circular left structure body and a semi-circular right structure body which are opposite to each other, wherein one side of the left structure body is connected with one side of the right structure body through a fixing pin; the left structure body and the right structure body rotate mutually around the fixing pin; the other side of the left structure body and the other side of the right structure body can be movably connected with each other through a bolt in mutual opening and closing manner; and two parallel teeth which are engaged with parallel tooth-shaped grooves of a connector of the riser are respectively arranged on the inner side of each of the left structure body and the right structure body in the peripheral direction. The hoisting device is used for hoisting the riser, the parallel tooth-shaped grooves of the connector of the riser are engaged with the parallel teeth of the device, and then ascending and descending of the hoisted riser can be finished. The hoisting device is simple and reasonable in structure, convenient to operate, high in connection speed, high in mechanical strength and good in tensile property. Releasing can be avoided after connection. The coupling-free riser can ascend and descend rapidly.