The invention discloses a mine coal and rock mass impact and coal and rock dynamic disaster prevention technology and device. The technology includes the steps that multiple pneumatic impactor components are integrated in a tubular device in the radial direction, and the impactor components impact a drill hole wall in the radial direction; generated high-intensity stress waves spread in a coal and rock mass, and tension, compression and shear failure are caused to the coal and rock mass; finally, a fracture network, in a certain range, around a drill hole quickly develops, so that the pressure of the coal and rock mass is effectively unloaded, gas desorption and seepage are promoted, the gas content of a coal seam is reduced, stress in coal is released, and coal and gas outburst, rock burst and other coal and rock dynamic disasters are prevented.