The invention discloses an aeroelastic experimental system. The aeroelastic experimental system comprises a base, a supporting piece, a building model, a plurality of balancing weights, an elastic device, a variable damper, a plurality of displacement measuring devices, a universal coupling and a microprocessor, wherein one end of the building model is fixedly connected to the middle of the supporting piece and extends upwards; the balancing weights are fixedly connected to the supporting piece and positioned on the side surface of the building model; one end of the universal coupling is fixedly connected to the base, the other end of the universal coupling is fixedly connected to the supporting piece, and the position of the universal coupling corresponds to that of the building model; the elastic device is positioned on the side surface of the universal coupling, one end of the elastic device is fixedly connected to the base, and the other end of the elastic device is fixedly connected to the supporting piece; the variable damper is used for providing damping for the supporting piece; the displacement measuring devices are used for measuring displacement of the supporting piece; the variable damper and the displacement measuring devices are in signal connection with the microprocessor; structural damping of the building model can be accurately and conveniently controlled during a wind tunnel test.