The invention discloses a detection analysis-ion chromatography for water soluble cation components of insulator dirt. The detection analysis-ion chromatography comprises the following steps: after pre-treating an insulator dirt sample, performing isocratic elution through optimized methylsulphonic acid (MSA) by using an IonPac CS16 capillary cation chromatography column, wherein the sample size is 0.4 microliter and the flow rate is 0.010mL/min; and performing detection analysis under a quantative condition of an external standard method by inhibiting conductive detection. Experiments verify that the water soluble cation components of insulator dirt in Shandong region do not contain Li<+>, Sr<2+> and Ba<2+>. Besides common cations Na<+>, k<+>, Mg<2+> and Ca<2+>, the component also contains a certain amount of NH4<+>, the content of which ranks only second to Ca<2+>. According to the method disclosed by the invention, a standard curve with a good linear relationship is obtained, wherein the correlation coefficient is 0.9990 or above; the ion detection limit is ranged between 0.79[mu]g/L and 16.43[mu]g/L, and the adding standard recovery can reach 89.1-103.3%. The method is accurate and reliable in detection result, and further has relatively high sensitivity and accuracy, and the invention provides a novel effective method for detecting the water soluble cation components of the insulator dirt.