The invention discloses a portable resistive leakage current detection device of an arrester. The portable resistive leakage current detection device comprises a measurement device and a handheld receiver, wherein the measurement device and the handheld receiver are connected through wireless communication; the measurement device comprises a measurement circuit; the measurement circuit comprises a current transformer circuit, a coupling voltage phase collection circuit, a signal processing circuit, a measurement device power supply circuit, a measurement device switching circuit, a measurement device microprocessor circuit, an alarm circuit, a work indication circuit and a measurement terminal radio frequency circuit; and the input end of the current transformer circuit is connected with an upper-end current measurement line and a lower-end current measurement line separately. A phase signal of voltage of a working transmission line of the arrester is obtained by using a capacitance effect formed between a copper-clad plate and a transmission line conductor in an electric field coupling non-contact manner, so that the phase signal of the working voltage of the arrester can be obtained simply and feasibly.