The invention discloses a wellhole multi-parameter searching method for rock deformation and damage features. By a BOTDR distributed optical fiber single-end testing mode, total hole depth is deeply drilled to acquire strain data, and different depth positions of an overlying strata after mining of a working face and deformation features of extrusion, tension, shearing and the like, which are shown by a geologic body, of different rock strata in a deformation process can be reflected. Effective deformation of a linear test total drill hole controlled depth stratum is formed, and the shortcoming that data are missing easily by original point type data acquisition is overcome. The test method is clear and visible in test, and has high accuracy and precision; and the heights of a caving zone and a water conducted zone can be judged accurately. By electric field response analysis of a parallel electrical-method test technology, qualitative and quantitative accurate judgment can be realized, test accuracy is improved effectively, and other interference factors are controlled.