The invention discloses a software FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) method based on an Altarica formalized language. The software FMEA method comprises the following steps: step 1: identifying data streams of software to be analyzed and drawing a data stream graph; step 2: establishing a basic software model for the software to be analyzed; step 3: defining failures of the software to be analyzed, and describing the failures of the software to be analyzed by utilizing each state of the basic software model established in the step 2; step 4: searching all state transmission paths which meet a failure definition of the software to be analyzed, wherein each transmission path is a failure mode; step 5: analyzing each state transmission path meeting the failure definition of the software to be analyzed and filling an FMEA table. According to the software FMEA method disclosed by the invention, a software function unit is modularized, and a formalized tool is used for analyzing, so that the working amount is reduced; the software function unit is modularized, so that the model is reutilized. Aiming at different software function units, verification attributes are summarized and concluded, and accumulation and sharing of knowledge are realized.