The invention discloses a system and method for managing data files of a node type seismograph and belongs to the technical field of geological prospecting data management. The system comprises an original data file analyzing module and a file merging module, wherein the original data file analyzing module is used for analyzing original data files recorded by the node type seismograph according to a predefined data frame format, so as to acquire sampling information; and the file merging module is used for merging the data files collected by different numbered collection stations according to the sampling information. The method comprises the following steps: analyzing the original data files recorded by the node type seismograph according to the predefined data frame format, thereby acquiring the sampling information of the original data files, and then merging the data files collected by different numbered collection stations according to the sampling information. The original data files are merged into one file according to the sampling information of the original data files collected by the node type seismograph, so that the retrieval efficiency of the data files can be promoted and the time for sorting the original data files can be saved.