The invention provides an oil pipe RFID tag reading-writing system of a working well head. The system comprises a wellhead antenna, a reader-writer, an onsite controller and a network transmission module; and when the wellhead antenna detects an oil pipe RFID tag, an induction signal of the detected oil pipe RFID tag is transmitted to the reader-writer; the reader-writer is connected to the wellhead antenna, and codes of the tag are obtained by analysis according to the induction signal and transmitted to the onsite controller; the onsite controller is connected to the reader-writer, carries out recording, query and analysis correspondingly according to the codes of the tag, and transmits data which needs displaying to a display device for display; and the network transmission module is connected to the onsite controller, and transmits the data which needs returning or retrieval to a background server in a wired/wireless manner. Thus, aimed at the requirement for obtaining oil pipe information on a work site, the system has the advantages of being simple, convenient and accurate and capable of identifying and obtaining the oil pipe information.