The invention discloses a SAR image interpretation capability assessment method comprising the following steps: obtaining a bar-shaped target area of a to-be-assessed SAR image, and carrying out interpolation pretreatment for the bar-shaped target area; selecting a plurality of even object areas in a same-scene SAR image, and calculating a minimum resolvable contrast threshold; respectively calculating real contrast of each target strip from the most resolvable target strip in the bar-shaped target area to the least resolvable target strip by naked eyes; comparing the real contrast with the minimum resolvable contrast threshold, and finally determining the minimum resolvable target strip width of the to-be-assessed SAR image. After said processing steps, the method can provide an objective assessment result, and thus preventing indeterminacy influence caused by different interpretation people having different interpretation results.