The invention discloses a morphological control method of a metal oxide/carbon (MOx/C) composite material for the negative electrode of a lithium ion battery. The method comprises the following steps: adding metal ions and monodentate ligands with different proportions into a solvent, stirring for a period of time, then adding a multidentate ligand, and heating in a reaction kettle for a period of time to obtain the metal organic framework (MOF) precursor materials with different morphologies; and calcining the precursors in an inert gas atmosphere for a period of time to obtain the MOx/C composite materials with different morphologies. The composite materials disclosed by the invention have relatively high specific surface areas and rich pore structures, and have excellent rate performance and cycling stability as the negative electrode materials of the lithium ion battery. The morphological control method disclosed by the invention is simple to operate, easy to realize large-scale application, and can also be extended to other fields that focus on material morphology control.