The invention relates to a system and a method for monitoring a large-scale battery energy storage power station based on multiple agents. The system comprises two levels of architectures, namely an energy storage main agent unit and an energy storage auxiliary agent unit; the state of the whole energy storage power station is monitored, controlled and managed through the mutual communication and negotiation between the two levels of architectures, and a high-speed communication network is used for realizing data transmission and communication between the energy storage main agent unit and the energy storage auxiliary agent unit. The method comprises the following steps of monitoring the energy storage main agent unit, and monitoring the energy storage auxiliary agent unit. By adopting the technical scheme, the system and the method have the advantages that by using 10-gigabit optical fiber communication and an interaction mechanism system hardware system thereof as support, the massive data of the large-scale energy storage power station can be transmitted, and the quick control and monitoring function can be realized.