The invention discloses a model prediction control-based active and reactive coordinated control method of a power distribution network. The method comprises the steps of (1) building a recent optimization and control model according to an optimization object and constraint conditions; (2) solving the recent optimization and control model and making a recent active and reactive control plant of the power distribution network; (3) taking a recent active and reactive control plan of the power distribution network as a reference value, considering current and future running constraint conditions on the basis of a running state measurement value of the power distribution network at a current moment, building a prediction model and an active and reactive coordinated optimization and control model at an intra-day rolling correction stage by and solving an intra-day active and reactive control instruction sequence in a limited period in the future; and (4) executing an intra-day active and reactive control instruction at a first moment, moving a time window backwards at a time interval and repeating the intra-day rolling correction optimization process. According to the method, the running cost of a system is reduced on the premise of ensuring the running security of the system, the network loss of the system is reduced, and maximization of the running benefit of the active power distribution network is achieved.