The invention discloses a naphthoquinone organic electroluminescent material, and a preparation method and application thereof. The structural formula of the organic electroluminescent material is disclosed in the specification. The naphthoquinone organic electroluminescent material disclosed by the invention has appropriate HOMO-LUMO energy levels and D-A structure, and is capable of effectively enhancing the exciton utilization ratio and high fluorescent radiation efficiency and lowering the efficiency roll-off under the condition of high current density. When the naphthoquinone organic electroluminescent material is used for devices, the current efficiency, power efficiency and external quantum efficiency of the devices are greatly improved. The naphthoquinone organic electroluminescent material disclosed by the invention has favorable application effects in OLED (organic light-emitting diode) light-emitting devices, and has favorable industrialization prospects.