The invention discloses a microlens array test device and method. The system includes a laser, a sampling diaphragm, a Fourier lens, a microlens array to be measured, a microscope objective, an image acquisition chip and an image processing module. the sampling diaphragm is arranged on the front focal plane of the Fourier lens to illuminate the sampling diaphragm with a Gaussian beam output from the laser, and after the transformation of the Fourier lens, a first Gaussian spot array corresponding to the microlens array to be measured one by one is obtained on the rear focal plane. The front focal plane of the microlens array coincides with the rear focal plane of the Fourier lens, and each spot in the first spot array is subjected to a corresponding microlens transformation to obtain a second Gaussian spot array on the real focal plane of the microlens array. The second Gaussian spot array is imaged with a microscopic imaging system and the size of each spot is obtained by an image analysis method to calculate the focal length of each microlens and analyze the consistency.