The invention provides a strain acquisition system based on a radio frequency label. The system includes a signal analysis and storage unit, a signal excitation and processing unit, a strain acquisition slice, and a reader-writer module and an electronic label. The signal analysis and storage unit and the reader-writer module are connected. The reader-writer module is in wireless communication with the electronic label. The electronic label are connected to the signal excitation and processing unit. The signal excitation and processing unit is connected to the strain acquisition slice. The electronic label includes a digital controller, a radio frequency simulation front end, a storage device and a power supply module. The digital controller is in separate connection to the radio frequency simulation front end, the storage device, the power supply module and the signal excitation and processing unit. The wireless strain acquisition system which is based on the electronic label can make the most of technological advantages of the electronic label to acquire, transmit and identify strain signals, and obviates the need for a wireless signal transmission function module.