The invention discloses an SLAM method based on a rodent model and an RTAB-Map closed-loop detection algorithm. Spatial positioning can be performed by means of hippocampal neurons of the rodent model. A new bionic navigation model is constructed according to an existing closed-loop detection RTAB-MAP algorithm. On the condition that high real-time performance of the system is ensured, correction of a long-term accumulated error in a macroenvironment can be realized, and furthermore low navigation stability caused by indoor light change to a certain extent.