The invention discloses a three-dimensional microstructure rapid forming method and device with ultrasonic energy field assist. The device comprises acoustic surface-wave transducers, a light prepolymer, an ultraviolet curing light and an electric Z-axis slide platform, the acoustic surface-wave transducers are distributed along a circumference in an array mode, the light prepolymer is placed at the working area of the transducers, the ultraviolet curing light is located below the transducers to radiate the light prepolymer, and the electric Z-axis slide platform is located at the upper portion to adhere to single-layer microstructures; the acoustic surface-wave transducers excite different ultrasonic energy fields, the surface of the light prepolymer generates cyclic morphology, the ultraviolet curing light radiates the light prepolymer to cure to obtain the single-layer microstructures with the cyclic morphology, the multiple single-layer microstructures are adhered through lifting motion of the electric Z-axis slide platform, and three-dimensional microstructure forming is achieved. According to the three-dimensional microstructure rapid forming method and device with the ultrasonic energy field assist, a three-dimensional microstructure can be fast manufactured, masks or molds are not needed, the equipment requirement is low, and the method has the advantages of being simple in operation, low in cost and high in efficiency.