The invention relates to the technical field of recovery of carbon fiber materials and in particular relates to a solar system and method for recovering carbon fibers by adopting a two-step method. The system comprises a condensation device, a sample operating platform, a waste gas treatment device and a fine treatment device, wherein the condensation device comprises a tower, a plurality of concentrated reflection heliostats and a plurality of plane mirrors; the sample operating platform comprises a moving panel, a rail and a driving motor; the waste gas treatment device comprises a dust removal device and a gas absorption treatment device; the fine treatment device comprises a heating box and a heat absorber; and the heating box and the heat absorber are connected through a molten salt pipeline. Any chemical reagent is not needed in the carbon fiber recovery process, fossil fuel does not need to be combusted, and the solar system has the advantages of low energy consumption, high treatment efficiency and zero environmental pollution and has excellent application prospects.