The invention provides a microwave quenching based sludge pyrolysis disposal method. The method is characterized in that a garbage feed device, a pyrolyzing furnace, a microwave furnace, an emission control device and a slag solid waste cleaning device are involved, carbon residues of garbage subjected to pyrolysis in the pyrolyzing furnace are discharged into the microwave furnace to serve as a strongly-absorbing medium, pyrolysis gas generated from the pyrolyzing furnace which is raised in temperature rapidly is enabled to fully burnt when penetrating a high-temperature residual carbon layer, poisonous and harmful gas of dioxin and the like in the pyrolysis gas is completely eliminated, and damage to the environment by refuse burning is reduced to a greater extent. The microwave quenching based sludge pyrolysis disposal method is simple in step, convenient in operation and high in practicability.