The invention discloses a microporous plate detection transmission device comprising a underframe provided with a bin door, a tray for placing a microporous plate, a reflective photoelectric switch for detecting whether the tray is loaded with the microporous plate, and a control device; the tray is arranged on the underframe in a sliding manner and has a cantilever structure, and a cantilever can extend out from the bin door; the reflective photoelectric switch is in signal connection with the control device. Through arrangement of the reflective photoelectric switch, the microporous plate detection transmission device can accurately detect whether the tray is effectively loaded with the microporous plate to ensure effectiveness of plate placement, so that other components can be allowed to accurately complete the final detection, and a fully automatic device conveniently makes a judgment on the effectiveness of the microporous plate detection transmission device. The invention also discloses a chemiluminiscent detection system comprising the microporous plate detection transmission device, wherein the chemiluminiscent detection system can detect whether the microporous plate is effectively loaded.