The invention provides a copper ion detection kit based on direct competitive ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The kit comprises a detection plate coated with a goat anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody, an enzyme-labeled Cu-ITCBE chelate hapten with the mass concentration being 20-50 mu g/mL, an anti-copper-ion monoclonal antibody solution with the mass concentration being 10-20 mu g/mL, 1.0-3.0 mol/L of a stop buffer, a sample diluent, a substrate color developing solution, a scrubbing solution, a copper ion standard solution and an EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) treatment solution with the mass concentration being 10-20 mg/mL, wherein the detection plate is subjected to vacuum sealed packaging; the coating concentration of the goat anti-mouse IgG secondary antibody is 50-200 mu g/mL; the anti-copper-ion monoclonal antibody solution is prepared from a Cu-ITCBE-cBSA immunogen immune Balb/C mouse. The kit has the characteristics of high sensitivity and high specificity and has the advantage of short detection time.