The invention discloses a non-cooperative game-based residential load two-level scheduling optimization method, which comprises the following steps: S1: constructing a load aggregator non-cooperative game model for an upper market side; S2: constructing a resident load real-time scheduling model for a lower user side; S3: by solving the non-cooperative game model and the real-time scheduling model, allowing the load aggregator to obtain the optimal load reduction bid amount and the most reasonable load scheduling strategy. The non-cooperative game idea is introduced into the demand response, and a load aggregator profit function is converted into the non-cooperative game model according to the non-cooperative game idea; the aggregator obtains the optimal load reduction bid amount at the peak load period by solving the non-cooperative game module, i.e., finding a Nash equilibrium solution; the optimal real-time scheduling of user load is carried out based on the bid amount according to three types of load electricity physical characteristics of users, so that the profit of the aggregator is maximized under the condition of ensuring the comfort degree of the users.