The invention discloses an electroencephalographic measuring device based on isolated component analysis. The device comprises an elastic band used to tie the device on a forehead, a reference electrode placed on an ear, and a grounding electrode placed on an ear. The elastic band is provided with a plurality of metal electrodes. Just a plurality of metal electrodes with smooth surfaces need to be placed on a forehead, and using isolated component analysis and an adaptive filtering software algorithm, electroencephalographic component and electro-oculogram component in signals are separated and recorded, and finally, the electroencephalogram and electro-oculogram obtained by separation are used to analyze and evaluate sleep. The electrode optimization method prevents to place a plurality of electrodes on a plurality of positions of a brain, so as to fundamentally eliminate influence of electrode placing on normal sleep of a patient. In an optimized scheme, all electrodes are concentrated on a forehead, and influence of hair on electrode contact is completely prevented, so as to improve signal quality of sleep monitoring and stability of a result.