The invention belongs to the technical field of filling materials, and relates to a production line and a production method of a germanium waste residue-blended underground filling material. The production line comprises a germanium waste residue treatment system and a filling material manufacturing system, wherein the germanium waste residue treatment system comprises a germanium waste residue collection stack, a first-stage crushing machine, a second-stage crushing machine and a vibration sieve in sequence; the filling material manufacturing system comprises a waste residue bin, a cement bin, a water bin, an additive bin, a disk feeder, a belt conveyer and an agitator; an outlet of the agitator is connected with a conveying pump. According to the production line and the production method, germanium waste residues and cement are mixed according to a certain proportion, and then a catalyst is added, to meet the basic mechanical property requirement of concrete; furthermore, the germanium waste residue-blended underground filling material is used for underground filling, so that the requirement of underground work can be met; meanwhile, the problems of a large area of land and severe pollution to the environment in a germanium waste residue treatment process are solved.